WHAT HORMONES PARTICIPATE IN REGULATING BLOOD SUGAR LEVELS?

What is blood sugar?

Insulin and glucagon are two main hormones that work together in a balanced way and play an important role in regulating blood sugar levels. These are hormones secreted by cells in the pancreas. While glucagon helps prevent blood sugar from dropping, insulin prevents it from rising too high.

Insulin helps prevent blood sugar from rising too high.

Glucose is the main sugar found in your blood converted from carbohydrates in the foods you eat. This type of sugar is an important source of energy and provides nutrients to the body's organs, muscles and nervous system.

• Glucose will be stored as glycogen and stored in the liver and muscles. When energy is needed, glycogen is converted into glucose.
• Your blood sugar should be maintained between 70 mg/dl and 110 mg/dl (mg/dl means milligrams of glucose in 100 ml of blood). Below 70 is called hypoglycemia. Above 110 may be normal if you have eaten in the past two to three hours. That's why your doctor will want to measure your blood sugar while you're fasting, when the blood sugar level should be between 70 and 110.
• However, even after you have eaten, your glucose level should be below 180. Above 180 is called hyperglycemia. If your blood sugar measures above 200 after drinking sugar water (a glucose tolerance test), you are diagnosed with diabetes.
• When the amount of glucose in the blood increases, it is called hyperglycemia with symptoms such as: frequent urination, thirst, weight loss, overeating, slow wound healing, dry skin, blurred vision, …….
• When the amount of glucose in the blood decreases, hypoglycemia can cause fainting, dizziness, and it can be life-threatening.

Hormones participate in regulating blood sugar levels

Insulin

Insulin is secreted by the beta cells of the pancreas. Low levels of insulin continuously circulate throughout the body, helping glucose enter cells . Insulin helps reduce high blood sugar levels to normal levels:

• Insulin secreted into the bloodstream will increase when blood sugar levels increase, signaling the liver to absorb glucose and turn it into glycogen. Additionally, insulin also blocks the production of glucose from other nutrients.
• Conversely, when blood sugar levels decrease, the amount of insulin secreted also decreases.

Glucagon

Glucagon is secreted by the alpha cells of the pancreas in a similar way to insulin, but acts in the opposite direction.

Glucagon prevents your blood sugar from dropping too low:

• If blood sugar levels are high, glucagon is not secreted.
• When blood sugar levels are low, more glucagon is released.
• Glucagon will cause the liver to release glucose stored in cells into the bloodstream, triggering your liver to convert stored glucose (glycogen) into a usable form and then release it into your bloodstream.
• Glucagon may also prevent the liver from absorbing and storing glucose.
• Glucagon helps your body make glucose from other sources, such as amino acids to help your blood sugar levels rise again.

When blood sugar levels are low, more glucagon is released.

The hormones involved in regulating blood sugar levels are insulin and glucagon, which play an essential role in maintaining blood sugar levels. Glucagon will increase blood sugar levels when blood sugar levels decrease and when blood sugar levels increase, insulin reduces sugar levels, avoiding high blood sugar levels that affect your health. Currently, you can provide insulin and glucagon to your body and are used according to your doctor's prescription. To check your condition or if you feel changes in your body, go to a medical facility to be examined.

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