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A clinical trial on young and middle-aged runners published widely in the Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition showed that Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation directly to the process of generating energy through the oxidation of compounds in the body (also known as aerobic capacity).
With aging, skeletal muscle undergoes many morphological changes, such as reduced muscle fiber number and mass, altered muscle fiber arrangement, persistent denervation, and decreased perfusion, leading to gradual decline in skeletal muscle quality. Currently, there is a lot of research done on this issue and shows that targeting the NAD+ group could be a promising therapy for ways to grow muscles and ways to fight aging of the musculoskeletal system.
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of aging, but its cause is still debated. Researchers have shown that, during aging, there is a loss of subunits of the mitochondrial, but not the nuclear, encoded oxidative phosphorylation system. So how does decreased NAD+ cause a state of pseudohypoxia in the body that disrupts communication between the nucleus and mitochondria during aging?
At a young age and in a healthy state, NAD+ concentrations do not appear to cause limitations in cardiac or skeletal muscle physiology. However, NAD+ content clearly decreases in the brain, liver and muscles... coinciding with the decline in function of these tissues in old age. Therefore, maintaining NAD+ homeostasis in skeletal muscle is one of the ways to fight the aging process.
Preclinical studies have revealed that an increase in Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+) with administration of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) – an NAD+ precursor, may reduce aging-related disorders; however, human data on this are limited. So can oral nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation increase blood NAD+ levels and alter physiological dysfunction in healthy older participants?
A recent study has shown that in addition to affecting metabolism, NAD+ also participates in a variety of endogenous cellular activities. For example, supporting the matrix structure (ECM - extracellular matrix or also known as the extracellular matrix) helps develop and regenerate muscles.
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